Operators and if conditional in C++
In C++, an operator is a symbol that performs a certain mathematical operation. The main categories of operators are arithmetic, relational, and logical.
- Arithmetic Operators
| Operator | Action |
|---|---|
| + | Addition |
| – | Subtraction |
| * | Multiplication |
| / | Division |
| % | Remainder of division |
Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions. The line below shows an example of an expression whose result will be stored in the Result variable using the assignment operator =.
Result = 10 * 3 + 5;
There are some shorthand operators that are widely used in C++. For example, we have the increment operator ++ which adds 1 to the variable, and the decrement operator — which subtracts 1, as shown below:
Count++;
Count--;
//It's equivalent to:
Count = Count + 1;
Count = Count - 1;Other shorthand operators are the ones that use an arithmetic operator together with the assignment operator:
Count += 15;
//It's equivalent to:
Count = Count + 15;
- Relational Operators
| Operator | Action |
|---|---|
| < | Less than |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
| > | Greater than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| == | Equal to |
| != | Not equal to |
Relational operators perform a comparison between two values and return a Boolean value (true or false) as a result of the comparison.
Note that the equality operator is ==. Take care not to be confused with the assignment operator that is just =.
- Logical Operators
| Operator | Action |
|---|---|
| || | OR |
| && | AND |
| ! | NOT |
Logical operators perform an operation between Boolean values and return a Boolean value (true or false) as a result of the operation. The main logical operations are OR, AND, NOT.
The logical operator || (OR) returns true if any of the Boolean values are true. The logical operator && (AND) returns true only if all Boolean values are true. The logical operator ! (NOT) inverts the Boolean value.
- Conditional if
The if statement evaluates an expression and executes a block of code if the result of the expression is true. It can be used in conjunction with the else statement that executes a code block if the result of the expression is false.
This is the format of the if … else:
if (expression)
{
// if code block. Executed if the expression is true.
}
else // optional
{
// else code block. Executed if the expression is false.
}
The if … else statement is equivalent to the Blueprint Branch node:
In the next article, we will use the operators and the if statement to create a new function in the ATutoProjectGameMode class.
